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125 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
125 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
<!--
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tagline: Version constraints explained.
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-->
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# Versions
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## Basic Constraints
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### Exact
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You can specify the exact version of a package. This will tell Composer to
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install this version and this version only. If other dependencies require
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a different version, the solver will ultimately fail and abort any install
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or update procedures.
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Example: `1.0.2`
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### Range
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By using comparison operators you can specify ranges of valid versions. Valid
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operators are `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`, `!=`.
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You can define multiple ranges. Ranges separated by a space (<code> </code>)
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or comma (`,`) will be treated as a **logical AND**. A double pipe (`||`)
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will be treated as a **logical OR**. AND has higher precedence than OR.
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> **Note:** Be careful when using unbounded ranges as you might end up
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> unexpectedly installing versions that break backwards compatibility.
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> Consider using the [caret](#caret) operator instead for safety.
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Examples:
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* `>=1.0`
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* `>=1.0 <2.0`
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* `>=1.0 <1.1 || >=1.2`
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### Range (Hyphen)
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Inclusive set of versions. Partial versions on the right include are completed
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with a wildcard. For example `1.0 - 2.0` is equivalent to `>=1.0.0 <2.1` as the
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`2.0` becomes `2.0.*`. On the other hand `1.0.0 - 2.1.0` is equivalent to
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`>=1.0.0 <=2.1.0`.
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Example: `1.0 - 2.0`
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### Wildcard
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You can specify a pattern with a `*` wildcard. `1.0.*` is the equivalent of
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`>=1.0 <1.1`.
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Example: `1.0.*`
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## Next Significant Release Operators
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### Tilde
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The `~` operator is best explained by example: `~1.2` is equivalent to
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`>=1.2 <2.0.0`, while `~1.2.3` is equivalent to `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0`. As you can see
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it is mostly useful for projects respecting [semantic
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versioning](http://semver.org/). A common usage would be to mark the minimum
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minor version you depend on, like `~1.2` (which allows anything up to, but not
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including, 2.0). Since in theory there should be no backwards compatibility
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breaks until 2.0, that works well. Another way of looking at it is that using
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`~` specifies a minimum version, but allows the last digit specified to go up.
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Example: `~1.2`
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> **Note:** Although `2.0-beta.1` is strictly before `2.0`, a version constraint
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> like `~1.2` would not install it. As said above `~1.2` only means the `.2`
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> can change but the `1.` part is fixed.
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> **Note:** The `~` operator has an exception on its behavior for the major
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> release number. This means for example that `~1` is the same as `~1.0` as
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> it will not allow the major number to increase trying to keep backwards
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> compatibility.
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### Caret
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The `^` operator behaves very similarly but it sticks closer to semantic
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versioning, and will always allow non-breaking updates. For example `^1.2.3`
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is equivalent to `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0` as none of the releases until 2.0 should
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break backwards compatibility. For pre-1.0 versions it also acts with safety
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in mind and treats `^0.3` as `>=0.3.0 <0.4.0`.
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This is the recommended operator for maximum interoperability when writing
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library code.
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Example: `^1.2.3`
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## Stability
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If you are using a constraint that does not explicitly define a stability,
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Composer will default internally to `-dev` or `-stable`, depending on the
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operator(s) used. This happens transparently.
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If you wish to explicitly consider only the stable release in the comparison,
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add the suffix `-stable`.
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Examples:
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Constraint | Internally
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------------------- | ------------------------
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`1.2.3` | `=1.2.3.0-stable`
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`>1.2` | `>1.2.0.0-stable`
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`>=1.2` | `>=1.2.0.0-dev`
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`>=1.2-stable` | `>=1.2.0.0-stable`
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`<1.3` | `<1.3.0.0-dev`
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`<=1.3` | `<=1.3.0.0-stable`
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`1 - 2` | `>=1.0.0.0-dev <3.0.0.0-dev`
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`~1.3` | `>=1.3.0.0-dev <2.0.0.0-dev`
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`1.4.*` | `>=1.4.0.0-dev <1.5.0.0-dev`
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To allow various stabilities without enforcing them at the constraint level
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however, you may use [stability-flags](../04-schema.md#package-links) like
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`@<stability>` (e.g. `@dev`) to let composer know that a given package
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can be installed in a different stability than your default
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[minimum-stability](../04-schema.md#minimum-stability) setting.
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## Test version constraints
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You can test version constraints using [semver.mwl.be](http://semver.mwl.be).
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Fill in a package name and it will autofill the default version constraint
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which Composer would add to your `composer.json` file. You can adjust the
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version constraint and the tool will highlight all releases that match.
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